What is Fever?
Fever is a temporary rise in body temperature, usually due to an underlying infection or illness. It is a natural immune response that helps the body fight off infections by making it less hospitable for bacteria and viruses. A normal body temperature ranges between 97°F (36.1°C) and 99°F (37.2°C), and a fever is generally considered when the temperature exceeds 100.4°F (38°C). Fever can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral and bacterial infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and even certain medications or vaccinations. While mild fevers are usually harmless and resolve on their own, persistent or high fevers may indicate a more serious condition requiring medical attention.
Causes of Fever:
- Parasitic infections – Malaria, typhoid, leptospirosis.
- Cancer and malignancies – Leukemia, lymphoma.
- Viral infections – Common cold, flu, COVID-19, dengue, chikungunya.
- Inflammatory conditions – Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease.
- Medications and vaccines – Certain antibiotics, vaccines (post-vaccination fever).
- Bacterial infections – Pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTI), strep throat, tuberculosis.
Symptoms of Fever:
- Increased body temperature – Above 100.4°F (38°C).
- Chills and shivering – Feeling cold despite a high temperature.
- Muscle aches and joint pain – Generalized body pain and stiffness.
- Swollen lymph nodes – Especially around the neck, armpits, or groin.
- Increased heart rate (tachycardia) – The body works harder to fight infection.
- Skin rashes – May appear if fever is caused by viral infections like measles or dengue.
- Heavy or irregular menstrual periods – Disrupts menstrual cycle and increases bleeding.
